President's National Medal of Science

Established by Congress in 1959, to be presented by the President to individuals "who in his judgment are deserving of special recognition by reason of their outstanding contributions to knowledge in the physical, biological, mathematical, or engineering sciences." The 77 Tau Bates are among the 441 recipients. More information is available at www.nsf.gov/nsb/awards/nms/recipients.cfm
1962 Theodor von Karman, California Beta 1902 aeronautics pioneer
1963 Vannevar Bush, Massachussetts Beta '16 co-founder of Raytheon; head of scientific research and development for the U.S. during World War II; first director of National Science Foundation; president of Carnegie Institution of Washington; board chairman, Merck & Co.
1963 John R. Pierce, California Beta '33 "father" of communications satellites
1964 Othmar H. Ammann, New York Epsilon 1902 world-famous bridge designer
1964 Charles S. Draper, Massachussetts Beta '22 aeronautics pioneer; invented guidance control systems
1965 John Bardeen, Wisconsin Alpha '28 co-inventor of the transistor; co-developer of the BCS theory of superconductivity; won two Nobel prizes, 1956, 1972
1965 Clarence L. Johnson, Michigan Gamma '32 designer of innovative aircraft for military and commercial use
1965 Warren K. Lewis, Massachussetts Beta 1905 leader of modern chemical engineering
1966 Claude E. Shannon, Michigan Gamma '36 "father" of information theory
1966 Vladmir K. Zworykin, Pennsylvania Delta '12 developer of television
1968 Nathan M. Newmark, New Jersey Beta '30 pioneer in complex structure analysis
1969 Jack S. Kilby, Illinois Alpha '47 inventor of the monolithic integrated circuit
1970 George E. Mueller, Missouri Beta '39 director of manned space flight program
1973 Harold E. Edgerton, Massachussetts Beta '29 developer of modern stroboscope; pioneer in ultra-high-speed photography
1973 Vladimir Haensel, Illinois Gamma '35 contributor to applied chemistry
1973 Frederick Seitz, Illinois Alpha '32 first full-time president of the National Academy of Science
1973 Richard T. Whitcomb, Massachussetts Alpha '43 aeronautical engineer and inventor
1974 Britton Chance, Pennsylvania Delta '35 contributor to development of biophysical and biochemical techniques and to their successful applications
1974 William A. Fowler, Ohio Gamma '33 educator
1974 Linus C. Pauling, Oregon Alpha '22 discoverer of molecular bonding forces; won two Nobel prizes, 1954, 1962
1974 Ralph B. Peck, New York Gamma '34 designer and builder of major dams
1974 Kenneth S. Pitzer, California Beta '35 director of research for U.S. Atomic Energy Commission; university president
1974 Abel Wolman, Massachussetts Alpha '15 pioneer in public water supply and waste disposal techniques
1975 Manson Benedict, Massachussetts Beta '28 director of uranium separation technology effort during World War II
1975 Sterling B. Hendricks, Arkansas Alpha '22 engineer in U.S. Department of Agriculture
1975 William H. Pickering, California Beta '32 director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1954-76; directed development of unmanned spacecraft for remote investigation of other bodies of the solar system
1975 Frederick E. Terman, California Gamma '20 radio and electronics pioneer; famous engineering educator
1975 Wernher von Braun, Michigan Gamma '32 pioneer in rocketry; president and board chairman, National Space Institute
1976 Morris Cohen, Minnesota Alpha '34 researcher of metallurgy
1976 Frederick D. Rossini, Pennsylvania Gamma '25 contributor to basic knowledge in chemistry and thermodynamics
1979 Donald E. Knuth, Ohio Alpha '60 analyzer of computer algorithms
1979 Raymond D. Mindlin, New York Alpha '32 educator of experimental mechanics; contributor to development of naval ordnance
1979 Earl R. Parker, CO Alpha '35 researcher of metallurgy
1979 Edward M. Purcell, Indiana Alpha '33 discoverer of method of measuring magnetic fields in atomic nuclei; won Nobel prize in 1952
1979 Simon Ramo, Utah Alpha '33 pioneer in microwaves; chief scientist for U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Program; co-founder of TRW, Inc.; and chairman of U.S. Presidential committees
1979 John H. Sinfelt, Pennsylvania Beta '51 developer of automobile catalytic systems
1982 Donald L. Katz, Michigan Gamma '31 pioneer in hydrocarbon phase behavior, petroleum reservoir engineering, and natural gas engineering
1983 George M. Low, New York Gamma '48 major contributor to manned space flight program
1983 Frederick Reines, New Jersey Alpha '39 discoverer of the free neutrino
1983 John G. Trump, New York Zeta '29 contributor to beneficial application of ionizing radiation
1986 Harry B. Gray, California Beta '57 pioneering researcher in bio-inorganic chemistry and inorganic photochemistry
1986 Hans W. Liepmann, California Beta '38 contributor to our understanding of fluid flow and to the national defense
1986 T. Y. Lin, California Alpha '31 innovative engineer whose visionary designs spanned the gulf between science and art, between technology and society
1986 Herbert A. Simon, Pennsylvania Zeta '50 contributor to our understanding of human problem-solving behavior and decision making
1987 R. Byron Bird, Massachussetts Beta '44 researcher on kinetic theory, transport phenomena, and behavior of polymeric fluids
1987 Paul C. Lauterbur, Illinois Alpha '51 ground-breaking researcher in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
1987 George E. Pake, Pennsylvania Gamma '45 cited for commitment to creative excellence in support of institutional purpose
1987 H. Bolton Seed, California Alpha '44 contributor to the art and science of civil engineering
1987 James A. Van Allen, Iowa Beta '35 central contributor in the exploration of outer space and discoverer of the magnetospheres of Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn
1987 Ernst Weber, New York Zeta '23 contributor to the profession of electrical engineering
1988 Daniel C. Drucker, New York Alpha '38 pioneering contributor to the development of the theory of plasticity and of limit design
1988 Willis M. Hawkins, Michigan Gamma '37 contributor to the technical health and competitive status of United States aeronautical products, deterrent weapons systems, and space prowess
1988 George W. Housner, California Beta '33 researcher whose contributions guided the development of earthquake engineering
1988 Rosalyn S. Yalow, New York Iota '41 developer of radio immunoassay; won Nobel prize in 1977
1989 Melvin Calvin, Michigan Beta '31 pioneering researcher in the mechanism of photosynthesis and bioenergetics
1989 Harry G. Drickamer, Michigan Gamma '41 discoverer of the "pressure tuning" of electronic energy levels as a way to obtain unique information on the electronic structure of solids
1989 Robert P. Sharp, California Beta '34 researcher who illuminated the nature and origin of the forms and formation process of planetary surfaces
1990 Nick Holonyak Jr., Illinois Alpha '50 inventor in the area of semiconductor devices
1990 Edwin M. McMillan, California Beta '28 discoverer of the first transuranic element (neptunium) and inventor of the phase stability principle incorporated in the synchrotron
1991 George H. Heilmeier, Pennsylvania Delta '58 contributor to the technological competitiveness of the United States and to the cause of national defense
1991 Luna B. Leopold, Wisconsin Alpha '36 contributor to the hydromechanics of rivers
1991 H. Guyford Stever, Massachussetts Beta '38 engineering leader in applying new results of research and technological development to the purposes of government, industry, and academe
1992 Calvin F. Quate, Utah Alpha '44 contributor to microscopy, particularly the scanning acoustic microscope and the atomic force microscope
1992 John R. Whinnery, California Alpha '37 researcher of microwaves, lasers, and quantum electronics
1993 Alfred Y. Cho, Illinois Alpha '60 developer of molecular beam epitaxy
1994 Ray W. Clough, Washington Alpha '42 contributor in the fields of finite-element analysis, structural dynamics, and earthquake engineering
1995 Herman A. Haus, Massachussetts Beta '48 teacher and researcher in the field of quantum electronics, noise, and ultra-fast optics
1996 James L. Flanagan, Mississippi Alpha '48 leader and innovator in using engineering techniques and speech science to solve basic problems in speech communications
1998 Elie Ruckenstein, New York Nu '49 for pioneering theories and experimental achievements in colloidal and surface phenomena, catalysts, and advanced materials
1999 Mildred Dresselhaus, South Carolina Gamma '51 for her studies of the electronic properties of metals and semimetals and for her service to the nation in establishing a prominent place for women in physics and engineering
2000 John D. Baldeschwieler, New York Delta '56 for his development of new methods for determining the properties, structures, motions and interactions of molecules and molecular assemblies, the translation of these advances into practical pharmaceutical and instrumentation products for the public benefit, and extensive service to his government and the scientific community
2001 Andreas Acrivos, New York Beta '50 for his pioneering research in fluid mechanics, leadership in the fluid mechanics and chemical engineering communities, editorial initiative with the physics of fluids, and mentoring several generations of engineers
2001 Ernest R. Davidson, Indiana Beta '58 for his innovative leadership and numerous conceptual and algorithmic developments that lef to the field of computational quantum chemistry and made possible the accurate modeling of chemical reactions and the response of molecules to radiation
2002 W. Jason Morgan, Georgia Alpha '57 for his development of the theories of plate tectonics and of deep mantle plumes, which revolutionized our understanding of the geological forces that control the earth's crust and deep interior and consequently influence the evolution of the earth's life and climate
2003 Dr. R. Duncan Luce, Massachussetts Beta '45 pioneering in the field of mathematical behavioral sciences
2005 Bradley Efron, California Beta '60 for his contributions to theoretical and applied statistics, especially the bootstrap sampling technique; for his extraordinary geometric insight into nonlinear statistical problems; and for applications in medicine, physics, and astronomy
2006 Robert S. Langer Jr., New York Delta ’70 for his revolutionary discoveries in the areas of polymeric controlled release systems and tissue engineering and synthesis of new materials that have led to new medical treatments that have profoundly affected the well being of mankind
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