| 1923 | physics | Robert A. Millikan, California Beta 1891 | discovered cosmic rays |
| 1932 | chemistry | Irving Langmuir, New York Alpha 1903 | discoveries and investigations of surface chemistry |
| 1937 | co-winner physics | Carl D. Anderson, California Beta '27 | discovered the positron |
| 1952 | co-winner physics | Edward M. Purcell, Indiana Alpha '33 | discovered a method of measuring the magnetic fields in atomic nuclei |
| 1954 | chemistry | Linus C. Pauling, Oregon Alpha '22 | discovered molecular bonding forces |
| 1956 | co-winner physics | John Bardeen, Wisconsin Alpha '28 | invented the transistor |
| 1956 | co-winner physics | William B. Shockley, California Beta '32 | invented the transistor |
| 1960 | physics | Donald A. Glaser, Ohio Alpha '46 | invented the liquid hydrogen bubble chamber to determine characteristics of atomic particles |
| 1961 | chemistry | Melvin Calvin, Michigan Beta '31 | work on photosynthesis |
| 1962 | peace | Linus C. Pauling, Oregon Alpha '22 | |
| 1972 | co-winner physics | John Bardeen, Wisconsin Alpha '28 | BCS theory of superconductivity |
| 1973 | physics | Ivar Giaever, New York Th '52 | experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in superconductors |
| 1976 | co-winner physics | Samuel Cha Chung Ting, Michigan Gamma '59 | for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind |
| 1977 | physiology or medicine | Rosalyn S. Yalow, New York Iota '41. | developed radio immunoassay, a methodology used to measure hundreds of substances of biologic interest in blood and other body fluids |
| 1993 | co-winner chemistry | Kary B. Mullis, Georgia Alpha '66 | invented the polymerase chain reaction, making it possible to make millions of copies of a single, microscopic strand of DNA within hours |
| 1994 | co-winner physics | Clifford G. Shull, Pennsylvania Gamma '37. | developed the neutron diffraction technique to determine the location of atoms in a sample of material |
| 1995 | co-winner physics | Martin L. Perl, New York Zeta '48 | discovered the tau lepton |
| 1995 | co-winner physics | Frederick Reines, New Jersey Alpha '39 | discovered the neutrino |
| 2000 | co-winner physics | Jack S. Kilby, Illinois Alpha '47 | invented the monolithic integrated circuit |
| 2003 | co-winner medicine | Paul C. Lauterbur, Illinois Alpha '51. | discoveries on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| 2005 | co-winner physics | John L. Hall, Pennsylvania Gamma '56 | contributions to high-precision laser-based spectroscopy over the course of the past 30 years. |